Here's a quick review:
- Magma = an underground molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases and water vapor that originates from the asthenosphere.
- Lava = magma that has erupted onto the surface of the Earth.
- Chemical composition - mainly how much silica ( SiO2 ) is found in the lava.
- Eruption temperature - the temperature range at which the lava comes out of the ground.
- Viscosity - a liquid's resistance to flow (honey=high viscosity and water = low viscosity)
- Gas content - the amount of gases dissolved in the lava.
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Take a look at the chart below and answer the questions below:
Summary Table | |||||
Magma Type | Solidified Rock | Chemical Composition | Temperature | Viscosity | Gas Content |
Mafic | Basalt | 45-55 SiO2 %, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na | 1000 - 1200 oC | Low | Low |
Intermediate | Andesite | 55-65 SiO2 %, intermediate in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K | 800 - 1000 oC | Intermediate | Intermediate |
Felsic | Rhyolite | 65-75 SiO2 %, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na. | 650 - 800 oC | High | High |
- Rank the magma types from highest silica content to lowest silica content.
- Rank the magma types from highest temperature to lowest temperature.
- Other than honey and water, what are some three liquids you know with different viscosity? Try ranking these liquids from highest viscosity to lowest viscosity.
- Rank the magma types from highest viscosity to lowest viscosity.
- Rank the magma types from highest gas content to lowest gas content.
- Which kind of lava formed the Ape Cave? What kind of viscosity did this lava have?
And because earth science videos are amazing, check these out:
- The Hawaiians have more specific names for the mafic/basaltic lava flows they routinely see erupt from Hawaiian shield volcanoes. CHECK IT OUT!
- Here's a look forward at the Rock cycle that we'll cover second semester: CHECK IT OUT!
- And since Leah asked about different kinds of caves, here's an awesome video about caves. CHECK IT OUT!
Fire Hose lava wins!
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