Final Exam Review

Earth Science Final Review

1. What are the three main types of fossil fuels and where did each originate?

2. Explain the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources.

3. What are the two potential sources of major earthquakes in Portland? Which one is more likely to cause the most damage?

4. Describe what causes an earthquake.

5. List the three types of plate boundaries and name a landform that is associated with each.

6. What scale measures the shaking force of an earthquake?

7. Explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative data. Give an example of each.

8. Compare shield volcanoes and composite volcanoes. Reference height, shape, and lava type.

9. Draw a line of triangles on the map below to indicate a major volcanic belt. Name this volcanic belt.

10. Name the following processes in the water cycle (1pt each)

1. Water is heated by the sun and moves into the atmosphere.

2. Water falls from the atmosphere.

3. Water moves downhill across the surface of the land.

4. Water seeps through soil into aquifers.

5. Water moves from plants into the atmosphere.

6. Water vapor becoming a cloud.

7. Water moving in aquifers below the surface of the ground.

11. What is a watershed?

12. Name ten ways you can reduce water use in your home.

13. Which sectors consume the most water in developed countries?

14. Which sectors consume the most water in undeveloped countries?

15. Explain how scientists use Carbon-14 to date fossils.

16. Explain the law of superposition.

17. Write the eras in order from most recent to oldest. Label each with their absolute dates and provide a description of each.

18. What are ten things that a coastal community can do reduce the damage done by a tsunami?

Tsunami Preperation Simulation

Watch this video to complete the tsunami background information:


Follow this link to the simulation:
http://www.stopdisastersgame.org/en/home.html

Tsunami Preparation Simulation

Due: During Final Block

Background

1. What causes tsunamis?

2. How fast can tsunamis travel in the ocean?

3. What are the natural warning signs of an approaching tsunami?

4. What should you do if you observe the warning signs of a tsunami?

Tsunami Simulation

Procedure:

1. Follow the link on the blog.

2. Launch the game, read the instructions, and press continue/play.

3. Select the Tsunami scenario.

4. Choose your difficulty level.

5. Record data about your village and your objectives.

6. Play the game once. Record key facts that you uncover.

7. Record Results and answer follow up questions.

8. Develop an improved strategy based on what you have learned.

9. Play a second time. Record any additional key facts.

10. Record Results and answer the follow up questions.

1^st Game:

5. What is your village’s population? What are your objectives?

6. What key facts have you discovered?

7. What were the results of the first game? Why did you succeed or fail at your objectives?

8. Based on your first game, explain your strategy for the second game.

9. What additional key facts did you discover?

10. What were the results of the second game? Was your new strategy effective? Why or why not?

11. Make a list of recommendations for coastal towns that face the threat of tsunamis.

12. Populations in coastal areas are increasing rapidly. In the US, more than half of the population lives in coastal counties and 10 of the 14 most populous cities reside along the coast. Should populations be limited in these areas? Is this even a real possibility?

Geologic Time - Study Review

1. How old is the Earth?
2. Write the eras in order from most recent to oldest. Label each with their absolute dates and provide a description of each.
   
3. Write the periods of the Mesozoic and Cenezoic from most recent to oldest.
4. How do scientists know how old the earth is?

5. Create a timeline for the following events using absolute dates.

   a. Formation of the Earth and Moon

   b. Earliest life

   c. Early land plants

   d. Largest Mass Extinction (Permian-Triassic extinction event)

   e. Dinosaur Extinction (Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event)

   f. “Lucy” Early Hominid
6. Explain the law of superposition.
7. If you start with 200 grams of Strontium-90, which has a half life of 28.8 years, how much Strontium-90 will you have after 6 half lives?
8. What do we mean by half life? What kinds materials do we use this term with?

Geologic Time Reading: Due 5/26/11

Reading

• Geologic Time
• Relative Time
• Radiometric Time Scale
• Age of the Earth

Follow Up Questions:

1. Why is relying on relative dating unreliable?

2. When did scientists begin to precisely calculate the absolute dates of organic remains?

3. If the half life of Carbon 14 is 5,730 years, and you find a plant with an 1/8^th of the Carbon 14 of a living plant, how old is the plant you found?

4. Can scientists use carbon dating to estimate the age of the Earth? Why or why not?

5. What elements are used to “radiometricly” date rocks from the Pre-archean eon?

6. How old are the oldest rocks found on Earth? Where are they found?

7. Why can’t we assume that the Earth is as old as the oldest rocks we have found on Earth?

Geologic Time

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/geotime/gtpage1.html

Visitor 5/5/11

We have a visitor coming to class on Thursday to talk about soil and water conservation, recycling, waste, and resource management. She works for Waste Management and helps run the non-profit Depave.

Rocks, Weathering and Erosion Quiz Review

1. Draw and label the rock cycle below. Include the following:

a. The three major rock types

b. Sediment and magma

c. Arrows labeled with the processes of melting; cooling and crystallizing; weathering and erosion; deposition and cementation; intense heat and pressure.

2. Using complete sentences, explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. Discuss where each is formed, how it cools, and what types of grains are associated with each. Finally, GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH.

3. Classify each of the following as either a mineral, a rock or an ore.

a. Calaverite is composed of tellurium and gold. It is mined for to produce valuable jewelry.

b. Albite is a type of feldspar that crystallizes in nearly right angle prisms. Commonly found in many types of rocks, it is the most common type of feldspar.

c. Basalt is often found in flows near volcanoes. It is dark and contains small air bubbles in places where gas was trapped in the cooling magma.

4. Explain which resource is more economically viable for extracting aluminum (Al), the ore bauxite Al(OH)₃ or the recycled aluminum alloy Al₃SC. (HINT: Use the atomic weights like we did with the Cookie Mining Lab).

5. What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

6. What are the two main types of weathering?

7. How is chemical weathering different than physical weathering?

8. Identify four types of physical weathering and two types of chemical weathering.

9. Identify and explain four types of erosion processes.

10. Explain why the Grand Canyon is so deep?

11. Explain why the Grand Canyon is so wide?

12. Which type of weathering creates distinctive v-shaped valleys?

13. Which type of weathering creates distinctive u-shaped valleys?

14. What type of rock is granite? How is it formed?

15. What type of rock is shale? How is it formed?

16. What type of rock is slate? How is it formed?

17. What type of rock is sandstone? How is it formed?

18. What type of rock is marble? How is it formed?

19. What type of rock is limestone?

20. Why is the statue of Liberty green?

21. What is the difference between alpine glaciers and continental glaciers?

22. Explain deposition and cementation.

23. How are the rates of weathering and erosion affected by climate?

Chemical Weathering Review

Alpine Glacial Erosion Review